COURSE · PART 2 · MODULE 6
Module 6 — Functional Seizures and Other Episodes
Functional seizures are real, involuntary episodes. This module separates diagnosis, immediate safety, treatment and daily-life planning so you can read only the piece you need.
What this module teaches
- Diagnosis should use positive evidence about the person’s typical event. [1]
- Functional seizures and epilepsy can coexist. [1]
- A shared plan can protect safety without restraint or unnecessary treatment.
- Treatment evidence is mixed, and meaningful progress can include more than seizure count. [2]
Pages
- What Functional Seizures Are and How They Are Diagnosed — focused guidance on what functional seizures are and how they are diagnosed.
- Episode Safety, Observation, and Emergency Decisions — focused guidance on episode safety, observation, and emergency decisions.
- Recovery and Treatment — treatment choices, goals and honest research limits.
- Living With Functional Seizures and Planning Ahead — daily activities, independence and practical planning.
Inside each page: Person with FND · Supporters · Clinicians · Research
Every page in this module uses these same four main sections.
Research and Sources
| Citation | Figure | Full citation |
|---|---|---|
| [1] | — | Tolchin B, Goldstein LH, Reuber M, Stone J, Perez DL, LaFrance WC Jr, et al. Management of Functional Seizures Practice Guideline Executive Summary: Report of the AAN Guidelines Subcommittee. Neurology. 2026;106(1):e214466. FND-CIT-0010. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000214466 |
| [2] | — | Goldstein LH, Robinson EJ, Mellers JDC, et al.; CODES study group. Cognitive behavioural therapy for adults with dissociative seizures (CODES): a pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(6):491–505. FND-CIT-0033. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30128-0 |