REFERENCE · DIAGNOSIS

Diagnostic Techniques

These pages explain positive signs and criteria that qualified clinicians may use when assessing particular FND presentations. They are educational references, not do-it-yourself diagnostic tests.

The collection now covers 17 symptom presentations, including motor and vocal/phonic functional tic-like symptoms.

Each symptom page now includes a Diagnostic techniques at a glance inventory: brief descriptions with source citations, evidence limitations and safety boundaries. These inventories include positive signs, descriptive observations, formal criteria and differential investigations; they are not 170 independently validated tests.

Staged review: The September 19, 2026 inventory contains 170 entries across the 17 pages. It is a broad starting inventory, not a completed systematic review of every technique and every replication. Primary studies are cited where identified; some entries rely on specialist descriptions or consensus guidance because standalone validation has not been established. Expand and review individual technique pages one at a time, checking original full texts, later replications, conflicting findings and additional techniques before describing their evidence trail as complete.

In this folder

[!IMPORTANT] A positive sign supports diagnosis only in the right clinical setting. New, severe, injured or substantially changed symptoms still need appropriate medical assessment.

Diagnostic expansion preparation: Content ownership and functional-weakness migration plan · Baseline inventory · Page structures. The first stage now includes the revised functional limb weakness overview, Hoover’s sign, and shared diagnostic explanations. All sixteen original entries remain in the technique inventory; the other fifteen await individual review. See the weakness implementation record. The next stage is recorded in the functional-tremor expansion; staged review remains incomplete.