REFERENCE · DIAGNOSIS
Diagnostic Techniques
These pages explain positive signs and criteria that qualified clinicians may use when assessing particular FND presentations. They are educational references, not do-it-yourself diagnostic tests.
The collection now covers 17 symptom presentations, including motor and vocal/phonic functional tic-like symptoms.
Each symptom page now includes a Diagnostic techniques at a glance inventory: brief descriptions with source citations, evidence limitations and safety boundaries. These inventories include positive signs, descriptive observations, formal criteria and differential investigations; they are not 170 independently validated tests.
Staged review: The September 19, 2026 inventory contains 170 entries across the 17 pages. It is a broad starting inventory, not a completed systematic review of every technique and every replication. Primary studies are cited where identified; some entries rely on specialist descriptions or consensus guidance because standalone validation has not been established. Expand and review individual technique pages one at a time, checking original full texts, later replications, conflicting findings and additional techniques before describing their evidence trail as complete.
In this folder
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Functional Jerks or Myoclonus — expanded overview and EEG–EMG assessment. All nine original entries remain in the inventory.
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Functional Tremor — expanded overview, with separate distractibility and entrainment drafts. All twelve original entries remain in the inventory.
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Functional Tics and Tic-Like Symptoms — motor and vocal symptoms, assessment limits and individualized care.
- Diagnostic techniques index — browse every symptom-specific page and read how the signs should be interpreted and limited.
- Recovery techniques — find the separate collection about rehabilitation, treatment and symptom management after appropriate assessment.
[!IMPORTANT] A positive sign supports diagnosis only in the right clinical setting. New, severe, injured or substantially changed symptoms still need appropriate medical assessment.
Diagnostic expansion preparation: Content ownership and functional-weakness migration plan · Baseline inventory · Page structures. The first stage now includes the revised functional limb weakness overview, Hoover’s sign, and shared diagnostic explanations. All sixteen original entries remain in the technique inventory; the other fifteen await individual review. See the weakness implementation record. The next stage is recorded in the functional-tremor expansion; staged review remains incomplete.